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Publius: The Journal of Federalism Advance Access published online on October 28, 2009
Publius: The Journal of Federalism, doi:10.1093/publius/pjp024
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CSF Associates: Publius, Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Preconditions for Foreign Activities of European Regions: Tracing Causal Configurations of Economic, Cultural, and Political Strategies

Joachim Blatter*, Matthias Kreutzer{dagger}, Michaela Rentl{ddagger} and Jan Thiele§
*University of Lucerne; joachim.blatter{at}unilu.ch
{dagger}Local government association for managerial topics (KGSt); matthias.kreutzer{at}kgst.de
{ddagger}michaela.rentl@googlemail.com
§Department for International Relations of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg; jan.thiele{at}sk.hamburg.de

This article traces international activities of regional governments in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Italy. We describe how intensively the regions are investing in economic, cultural, and political activities, and how broad the different activities are spread. Then we analyze preconditions for strong activities by using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Two assumptions about causal configurations are confirmed. First, high economic interdependencies in combination with large financial capacities are in most cases sufficient for setting up many promotional offices abroad. Second, a high level of policy autonomy, in combination with strong competencies in foreign affairs, is almost always sufficient for having a well-staffed office in Brussels. In contrast, partnerships with foreign political entities are not a result of a cultural causal configuration.


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